An airline ticket is a document or electronic record, issued by an airline or a travel agency, that confirms that an individual is entitledto a seat on a flight on an aircraft. The airline ticket may be one of two types: a paper ticket, which comprises coupons or vouchers; and an electronicticket (commonly referred to as an e-ticket).
The ticket, in either form, is required to obtain a boarding pass during check-in at the airport. Then with the boarding pass and the attached ticket, the passenger is allowed to board the aircraft.
Details
Regardless of the type, all tickets contain the following information:[1]
The passenger’s name.
The issuing airline.
A ticket number, including the airline’s 3 digit code[2] at the start of the number.
The cities the ticket is valid for travel between.
Flight that the ticket is valid for. (Unless the ticket is “open”)
Baggage allowance. (Not always visible on a printout but recorded electronically for the airline)
Fare. (Not always visible on a printout but recorded electronically for the airline)
Taxes. (Not always visible on a printout but recorded electronically for the airline)
The “Fare Basis”, an alpha or alpha-numeric code that identifies the fare.
Restrictions on changes and refunds. (Not always shown in detail, but referred to).
Dates that the ticket is valid for.
“Form of payment”, i.e., details of how the ticket was paid for, which will in turn affect how it would be refunded.
The Rate of Exchange used to calculate any international parts of the fare and tax.
A “Fare Construction” or “Linear” showing the breakdown of the total fare.
Times on airline tickets are generally for the local time zone where the flight will be at that moment.
Issuing air ticket
A revenue passenger on an airline must hold a valid issued ticket. In order for a ticket to be issued, there are two distinct process:
Reservation
A reservation for an itinerary is made in the airline system, either directly with the airline or by an agent. The itinerary includes all the above details needed for the issuance of an air ticket, except the ticket number.
When the reservation the made, a passenger name record (PNR) will be created which is used to manage the reservation and check in. It is possible to have multiple passengers in a single passenger name record.
Having a reservation itself does not entitle the passenger to travel. Only when the airline receives the payment or a passenger redeems miles/points, a ticket is issued which is linked to the reservation which allows the passenger to travel.
Traditionally, reservation and payment are separate steps, which the time between them are defined in the fare rules when the reservation is made. However, it has become more common to require immediate payment on online booking systems.
Each passenger must hold his/her own air ticket, as shown by an individual ticket number, even when the reservations are linked by a single PNR.
Resale
When paper tickets were still frequently used, a practice existed by travellers to get rid of their tickets (which are person-specific), when they decided to alter the course of their trips. This practice consisted of selling the ticket to other travellers (often at discount prices), after which the seller accompanied the buyer at the time of departure to the airport. Here, the original owner checked in under his name and provided the airline with the buyer’s baggage. After this, the buyer boarded the airplane at the moment of departure.[4] However, since most airlines check identification on boarding, this procedure is rarely functional.[citation needed] The practice of using another person’s ticket is illegal in many jurisdictions.
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